Currently, there are two mainstream battery technology routes in new energy vehicles, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries. Although these two batteries compete in many application fields, the competition in the field of new energy vehicles is the main line, because this is the largest lithium battery application scenario in China. Since competition is necessary, there must be comparisons. The energy density is large, the weight is much smaller, the light weight and the small space occupying determine that ternary lithium batteries new energy vehicles consume less power, so they are faster and have stronger battery life. Therefore, cars can travel farther by using ternary lithium batteries, while lithium iron phosphate new energy vehicles are currently basically used in urban buses, because the range of one battery life is not far, and charging piles are required to charge within a short distance.

    The more core thing about passenger buses using lithium iron phosphate batteries is based on safety considerations. An extreme collision accident occurred, short circuit caused a fire. The material of lithium iron phosphate will not burn when it encounters a short circuit, and its high temperature resistance is much better than that of ternary lithium batteries.

    Also, because of the high energy density and much smaller weight, the light weight and small space occupancy determine that ternary lithium battery new energy vehicles consume less power, so they are faster and have stronger battery life. Therefore, cars can travel farther by using ternary lithium batteries, while lithium iron phosphate new energy vehicles are currently basically used in urban buses, because the range of one battery life is not far, and charging piles are required to charge within a short distance.

Low-temperature lithium iron phosphate battery 3.2V30Ah

-20℃ charging, -40℃ 3C discharge capacity ≥70%

Charging temperature: -20~45℃

- Discharge temperature: -40~+60℃

-40℃ Support maximum discharge rate: 3C

-40℃ 3C discharge capacity retention rate ≥70%

    Although lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to high temperatures, ternary lithium batteries have better low temperature resistance and are the main technical route for manufacturing low temperature lithium batteries. At minus 20°C, ternary lithium batteries can release 70.14% of the capacity, while lithium iron phosphate batteries can only release 54.94% of the capacity. And because under low temperature conditions, the discharge platform of ternary lithium batteries is much higher than that of lithium iron phosphate battery voltage platform and start faster.

    Charging efficiency, ternary lithium batteries are higher. Lithium battery charging adopts the current limiting and voltage limiting method, that is, constant current charging is performed in the first stage. At this time, the current is high and the efficiency is high. After the constant current charging reaches a certain voltage, it enters the second stage of constant voltage charging. At this time, the current is small and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the ratio of the constant current charging capacity to the total battery capacity is used to measure the charging efficiency of the two, which is called the constant current ratio. Experimental data show that there is not much difference between the two when charging under 10C, but the distance will be widened above 10C. When charging at 20C, the constant current ratio of the ternary lithium battery is 52.75%, and the constant current ratio of the lithium iron phosphate battery is 10.08%, and the former is 5 times that of the latter. In terms of cycle life, lithium iron phosphate batteries are better than ternary lithium batteries. The theoretical life of ternary lithium batteries is 800 times, but basically when 500 cycles, the capacity decays to 60%; while lithium iron phosphate batteries have 80% capacity after the same cycle cycle.

    The comparison of the above aspects roughly shows that the relative advantages of the two are helpful to answer the question of which is better, ternary lithium battery or lithium iron phosphate battery.

    Lithium iron phosphate batteries are safe, have a long life and are resistant to high temperatures; ternary lithium batteries are light in weight, have high charging efficiency and are resistant to low temperatures. Therefore, the difference between the two is the reason for the coexistence of the two.

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